Roles of Cytoskeleton and Endocytosis in Hyphal Growth

Fungi cause an estimated 70% of disease to our crops, and post-harvest spoilage of our food supply leading to billions of dollars in losses. Fungi are an increasing concern as human pathogens. Fungi are contaminants effecting indoor air quality leading to allergy and exposure to toxins. All these processes and more, require polarized hyphal growth for their impact on humans. Therefore, understanding how hyphae are made is a fundamental concern.

The fungal hypha is an emergent cell type that is the characteristic growth form of most members of Kingdom Fungi. These elongated, thread-like cells, grow only at their highly polarized apex. Recently, research has implicated both polarized secretion through an emergent organelle, the Spitzenkorper, and endocytosis concentrated in a collar at the cell apex in regulating hyphal growth. The Shaw lab utilizes state of the art microscopy to bring the structure and components of these structures to a level of detail not previously available.

B. D. Strycker ,Z. Han ,Z. Duan, B. Commer, K. Wang, B. D. Shaw, A. V. Sokolov, M. O. Scully. 2020. Identification of toxic mold species through Raman spectroscopy of fungal conidia. PLoS One. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242361

Blake Commer, Zachary Schultzhaus & Brian D. Shaw. 2020. Localization of NPFxD motif-containing proteins in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genetics and Biology. in press.

Blake Commer & Brian D. Shaw. 2020. Current views on endocytosis in filamentous fungi, Mycology https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2020.1741471

Abhinav Bhardwaj, Joseph Vasselli, Matt Lucht, Zhijian Pei, Brian Shaw, Zachary Grassley, Xingjian Wei, Na Zou. 2020. 3D Printing of Biomass-Fungi Composite Material: A Preliminary Study. Manufacturing Letters 24: 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2020.04.005

Zehua Han, Benjamin D. Strycker, Blake Commer, Kai Wang, Brian D. Shaw, Marlan O. Scully & Alexei V. Sokolov. 2020. Molecular origin of the Raman signal from Aspergillus nidulans conidia and observation of fluorescence vibrational structure at room temperature. Scientific Reports 10, Article number: 5428. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62112-w

Strycker, Z. Han, B. Commer, B. Shaw, A. Sokolov, and M. Scully. 2019. CARS Spectroscopy of Aspergillus nidulans spores. Scientific Reports. 9(1):1789. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37978-6

Schultzhaus. G. A. Cunningham, R. R. Mouriño-Pérez, and B. D. Shaw. 2019. The phospholipid flippase DnfD localizes to late Golgi and is involved in asexual differentiation in Aspergillus nidulans. Mycologia. 111(1):13-25. doi: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1543927/

T. Isakeit,B. Commer, B. D. Shaw, M. Brown and C.Neely. 2017. First Report of Leaf Spot of Barley Caused by Drechslera gigantea in the United States. Plant Disease: 101 1548.

Z. Schultzhaus, W. Zheng, Z. Wang, R. Mourino-Perez and B. D. Shaw. 2017. Phospholipid Flippases DnfA and DnfB Exhibit Differential Dynamics within theA. nidulans Spitzenkörper. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 99:26-28

Z. Schultzhaus, T. B. Johnson, and B. D. Shaw. 2017. Clathrin Localization and Dynamics in Aspergillus nidulans. Molecular Microbiology 103: 299-318. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13557

C.-L. Wang, W.-B. Shim, and B. D. Shaw.  2016. The Colletotrichum graminicola striatin ortholog Str1 is necessary for anastomosis and is a virulence factor. Molecular Plant Pathology.17: 931-942.

C.-L. Wang and B. D. Shaw. 2016. F-actin localization dynamics during appressorium formation in Colletotrichum graminicola. Mycologia. 108:506-514. (Includes Journal Cover Illustration)

Z. Schultzhaus, L. Quintanilla, A. Hilton, and B. D. Shaw. 2016. Live Cell Imaging of Actin Dynamics in the Model Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans Using Lifeact. Microscopy and Microanalysis. 22: 264-274.

Z. Schultzhaus and B. D. Shaw. 2016. The Flippase DnfB is Cargo of Fimbrin-associated Endocytosis in Aspergillus nidulans, and likely recycles through the late Golgi. Communicative and Integrative Biology. 9:2, e1141843, DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1141843

Z. Schulzthaus, B. D. Shaw. 2015. Endocytosis and Exocytosis in Hyphal Growth Fungal Biology Reviews. 29: 43-53.

Z Schultzhaus, H Yan and B. D. Shaw. 2015 Aspergillus nidulans flippase DnfA is cargo of the endocytic collar, and plays complementary roles in growth and phosphatidylserine asymmetry with another flippase, DnfB. Molecular Microbiology, 97 18-32.  (Includes Journal Cover Illustration)

Chung, S. Upadhyay, B. Bomer, H. H. Wilkinson, D. J. Ebbole, B. D. Shaw. 2015. Neurospora crassa ASM-1 complements the conidiation defect in a stuA mutant of Aspergillus nidulans. Mycologia: 107:298-306.

J.-H. Shin, J-E Kim, M. Malapi-Wight, Y-E. Choi, B. D. Shaw and W-B Shim. 2013. Protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits perform distinct functional roles in the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. Molecular Plant Pathology. 14:518-529.

X. Zhou, H. Zhang,G. Li, B. D. Shaw, J.-R. Xu. 2012. The Cyclase-Associated Protein Cap1 Is Important for Proper Regulation of Infection-Related Morphogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS Pathogens 8: e1002911.

B. D. Shaw, Da-Woon Chung, Chih-Li Wang; Laura A. Quintanilla and Srijana Upadhyay. 2011.  A Role for Endocytic Cycling in Hyphal Growth.  Fungal Biology 115: 541-546. (Link)

D.-W. Chung, C. Greenwald, S. Upadhyay, S. Ding, H. H. Wilkinson, D. J. Ebbole, and B. D. Shaw. 2011. acon-3, the Neurospora crassa ortholog of the developmental modifier,medA, complements the conidiation defect of the Aspergillus nidulans mutant. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 48: 370-376. (Link)

C. J. Greenwald, T. Kasuga, N. L. Glass, B. D. Shaw, D. J. Ebbole, and  H. H. Wilkinson.  2010. Temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression during asexual development ofNeurospora crassa. Genetics. 2010 186: 1217–1230.  (Link)

C. Wang, W.-B. Shim, and B. D. Shaw. 2010. The Aspergillus nidulans striatin ortholog is required for sexual development. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 47: 789-799. (Link)

S. C. Lee, S. N. Schmidtke, L. J. Dangott and B. D. Shaw. 2008. Aspergillus nidulans ArfB is linked to endocytosis and polarized growth. Eukaryotic Cell.  7: 1278-1288  (Link)

Q.-M. Qin, J. Pei, V. Ancona, B. D. Shaw, T. A. Ficht, and P. de Figueiredo. 2008. RNAi Screen of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Host Factors Reveals a Role for  IRE1 in Supporting Brucella Replication. PLOS Pathogens. 4:e100011. (Link)

S. C. Lee and B. D. Shaw. 2008.  ArfB links protein lipidation and endocysosis to polarized growth of Aspergillus nidulans. Communicative and Integrative Biology  1: 51-52. (Link)

S. C. Lee and B. D. Shaw. 2008. Localization and function of ADP ribosylation factor A inAspergillus nidulans. FEMS Microbiology Letters 283: 216-222. (Link)

S. Upadhyay, and B. D. Shaw. 2008. The Role of actin, fimbrin, and endocytosis in growth of hyphae in Aspergillus nidulans.  Molecular Microbiology 68: 690-705. (Link)

S.  Sukno, V. M. García, B. D. Shaw, and M. R. Thon.  2008. Root infection and systemic colonization of maize by Colletotrichum graminicola.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 823-832. (Link)

U. Sagaram, B. D. Shaw, and W.-B. Shim. 2007.  Fusarium verticillioides GAP1, a gene encoding a putative glycolipid-anchored surface protein, participates in conidiation and cell wall structure but not virulence. Microbiology 153: 2850-2861. (Link)

S. C. Lee and B. D. Shaw. 2007.  A novel interaction between N-myristoylation and the 26S proteasome during cell morphogenesis. Molecular Microbiology 63: 1039-1053. (Link)

B. D. Shaw and H. C. Hoch. 2007.  Regulation of fungal growth and development by ions.  In: The Mycota vol. VIII edition 2: Biology of the Fungal Cell. Springer Verlag. 219-236.