Common Smut (fungus - Ustilago maydis): All parts of the plant are susceptible. Galls are covered with a white membrane. The inside of the gall turns into a mass of powdery black spores. Early infection may kill small plants but this is rare. A gall on the lower part of the stalk can make the ears small or non-existent. Dry weather with 78o - 95o F is favorable. High nitrogen or heavy manure is also favorable. Injuries from blowing sand, hail damage, cultivation, or buggy-whipping will increase smut. Avoid mechanical injury, avoid highly susceptible varieties, and maintain balanced fertility.
